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<section id="ebuild-file-format">
<h1>Ebuild file format<a class="headerlink" href="#ebuild-file-format" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="pg0101">
<span id="coding-style"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h2>Coding style<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0101" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0101</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>partially via repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>While Gentoo leaves most of the coding style choices to developers,
there are a few rules which we try to enforce. Those are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Always indent using a single tab for indentation level. Do not
attempt to align, as it will not work with different tab widths.</p></li>
<li><p>Whenever using named variables, use bracketed variable form, i.e.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${foo}</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$foo</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Use bash conditions <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">]]</span></code> rather than POSIX-ish <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">]</span></code>
or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> builtin.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the recommended constructs are less error-prone.
Consistency avoids unnecessary changes when other developers edit
the ebuild.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0102">
<span id="code-must-be-contained-within-ebuild-and-eclasses"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h2>Code must be contained within ebuild and eclasses<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0102" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0102</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.gentoo.org/612630">https://bugs.gentoo.org/612630</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The ebuild code must be fully contained within .ebuild and .eclass
files. It is forbidden to load additional ebuild code from other files
via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval</span></code> or any other possible method.</p>
<p>This affects historical use of ‘eblits’ to include phase functions from
external files. The eblits used by the few affected packages were
converted into eclasses.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: moving ebuild code to non-standard locations is against
the principle of least surprise. It makes the maintenance harder,
confuses other developers and tools that do not explicitly account for
that possibility, including linting tools.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0103">
<span id="homepage-must-not-contain-variables"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h2>HOMEPAGE must not contain variables<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0103" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0103</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck, highlighted as error by gentoo-syntax</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HOMEPAGE</span></code> variable in ebuild must specify all the URIs verbatim,
without referring to any variables. Variable references are allowed
when setting generic values in eclasses.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: since homepage URIs do not contain dynamic parts (such
as package versions), there is little advantage to using variables
there. On the other hand, variables render the URIs unusable without
preprocessing, breaking URI support in terminals and editors, as well
as reducing the usefulness of plain tools such as grep.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0104">
<span id="src-uri-must-not-refer-to-homepage"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h2>SRC_URI must not refer to HOMEPAGE<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0104" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0104</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SRC_URI</span></code> variable in ebuild must not refer to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${HOMEPAGE}</span></code>.
If both overlap, the common part must be repeated verbatim.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HOMEPAGE</span></code> permits multiple entries by design,
and developers are generally encouraged to add more helpful entries
(e.g. project pages on PyPI, GitHub…). Making individual URIs
incidentally depend on multi-valued variable having a single value
goes against the principle of least surprise. Furthermore, it makes
it hard to copy-paste part of the URI e.g. to investigate the directory
index.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0105">
<span id="keywords-must-be-defined-on-a-single-line"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h2>KEYWORDS must be defined on a single line<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0105" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0105</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KEYWORDS</span></code> variable must be defined at most once in an ebuild,
on a single line, with literal content (no variable references, line
wrapping, appending, etc.).</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: it is common for arch teams to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ekeyword</span></code> tool
when working with large number of ebuilds. The tool has only limited
ability to process and modify ebuilds, and therefore developers must
make sure that it works correctly on their ebuilds.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0106">
<span id="license-must-not-contain-variables"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h2>LICENSE must not contain variables<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0106" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0106</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> variable in an ebuild must specify all the license names
verbatim, without referring to any variables. The only exception is
(implicit or explicit) use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> itself, i.e. appending is
allowed.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: since license names do not contain dynamic parts (such as
package versions), using variables there has little advantage. On the
other hand, variables reduce the usefulness of plain tools such as grep.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0107">
<span id="d-must-be-used-only-in-src-install-and-pkg-preinst"></span><span id="index-6"></span><h2>D must be used only in src_install and pkg_preinst<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0107" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0107</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ED</span></code> variables must be used only in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src_install</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg_preinst</span></code> phase functions. Exceptions to this policy can be
granted by the QA team.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> in other phases (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src_configure</span></code>) is
error-prone and may lead to the path being embedded in files of the
installed image. In addition, the directory pointed to by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${D}</span></code>
does not exist in other phases.</p>
</section>
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<p class="hidden" role="heading"><span class="hidden-text">Contents:</span></p>
<ul class='current nav'>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="preface.html">Preface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="motivation.html">Motivation and history</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="basics.html">Basic information</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="other-docs.html">Other policy documents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="editing.html">Editing and publishing updates to this Guide</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dependencies.html">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="deprecation.html">Deprecations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Ebuild file format</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0101">Coding style</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0102">Code must be contained within ebuild and eclasses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0103">HOMEPAGE must not contain variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0104">SRC_URI must not refer to HOMEPAGE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0105">KEYWORDS must be defined on a single line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0106">LICENSE must not contain variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0107">D must be used only in src_install and pkg_preinst</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installed-files.html">Installed files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="keywords.html">Keywording and stabilization</a></li>
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